PREPHILATELY - STAMPLESS

• Short introduction to paleography
  
  
  
• Exhibition of M. Smorowski, Avignon, May 2022, postal history Pas-de-Calais (France)

• 1730-1830 The French postmark "déboursé"

• 1789: The Irish origin of the French Hennessy cognac

• 1815: The Rothschild nexus in the 19th century

• 1834: Compensation for slave owners

• 1850: a worthy ancestor of the trolls 
  
  
  
  
• 1855: the last letter of a French officer written in the trenches of Sevastopol